C Language Full Syllabus

1. Introduction to C Programming

• What is Programming

• Introduction to C language

• History and features of C

• Structure of a C program

• Compilation and execution process

• C vs Other programming languages

2. Fundamentals of C

• Keywords, Identifiers, Constants

• Variables and Data Types (int, char, float, double, etc.)

• Input and Output functions (printf, scanf)

• Escape sequences

3. Operators in C

• Arithmetic Operators (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus)

• Relational Operators (equal to, not equal to, greater than, less than, greater than or equal to, less than or equal to)

• Logical Operators (AND, OR, NOT)

• Assignment Operators (assignment, add and assign, subtract and assign, multiply and assign, divide and assign, modulus and assign)

• Increment and Decrement Operators (increment, decrement)

• Conditional or Ternary Operator

4. Control Flow

• Decision Making: if, if else, nested if else

• switch case statement

• goto statement (with advantages and disadvantages)

5. Looping Constructs

• for loop, while loop, do while loop

• Nested loops

• Loop control statements: break, continue

6. Functions in C

• Function declaration, definition and call

• Return type and arguments

• Passing arguments: Call by Value and Call by Reference

• Recursion basics

• Recursion in detail (factorial, Fibonacci, Tower of Hanoi)

• Function pointers

7. Arrays

• One dimensional arrays

• Two dimensional arrays (Matrix)

• Multi dimensional arrays

• Array initialization and memory representation

8. String Handling

• Introduction to strings (character arrays)

• Standard library functions: strlen, strcpy, strcat, strcmp

• String input and output (gets, puts, fgets)

• String manipulation with loops

9. Storage Classes

• auto, static, register, extern

• Scope and Lifetime of variables

10. Pointers

• Introduction to pointers

• Pointer declaration and initialization

• Pointer arithmetic

• Pointers with arrays

• Pointers with strings

• Pointers with functions (Call by Reference)

• Pointer to Pointer

11. Structures

• Defining and declaring structures

• Accessing structure members

• Array of structures

• Nested structures

• Structure with pointers

• Passing structures to functions

12. Unions and Enumerations

• Difference between Structure and Union

• Defining and using Unions

• Enumeration (enum) usage

13. Typedef and Bit Fields

• typedef in C

• Bit fields in structures

14. File Handling

• Introduction to files in C

• File operations: create, open, read, write, append

• File handling functions: fopen, fclose, fprintf, fscanf, fgets, fputs

• File modes (read, write, append, read binary, write binary, etc.)

15. Dynamic Memory Allocation

• malloc, calloc, realloc, free

• Memory leaks and dangling pointers

16. Preprocessor Directives

• define, include

• Macros with arguments

• Conditional compilation (ifdef, ifndef, endif)

17. Command-Line Arguments

• argc and argv usage

• Programs using command-line arguments

18. Error Handling and Debugging

• Common errors in C (syntax, runtime, logical)

• Debugging techniques

• Using exit function and error handling functions

19. Data Structures in C

• Introduction to data structures

• Arrays vs Linked List

• Stack implementation using arrays

• Queue implementation using arrays

20. Sorting and Searching

• Bubble Sort, Selection Sort, Insertion Sort

• Linear Search and Binary Search

21. Advanced Topics

• Introduction to File Organization

• Introduction to Graphics in C (concept)

• Modular programming